家里門鈴壞了一個(gè)多月了，一直沒有時(shí)間去搞，過年前幾天剛好有點(diǎn)時(shí)間，拆出來看看發(fā)現(xiàn)由于電池漏液造成了電路板多處被腐蝕，修也是麻煩了，所以索性就自己重新設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)出來。這個(gè)門鈴從電路設(shè)計(jì)，程序設(shè)計(jì)，調(diào)試及焊接都是我自己一手一腳完成，前后一共大概用了2天半時(shí)間。做出來的效果還是不錯(cuò)的。大家有興趣可以試一下。
為了使門鈴更有個(gè)性化，我采用的是單片機(jī)，用單片機(jī)來產(chǎn)生所需要的響聲。其電路原理是控制單片機(jī)的IO口產(chǎn)生適當(dāng)頻率的方波，經(jīng)過三極管放大后驅(qū)動(dòng)自藕變壓器的一次測(cè)，這時(shí)在變壓器的二次測(cè)會(huì)產(chǎn)生相同頻率的高壓方波從而使壓電陶瓷片發(fā)生形變，發(fā)出較大的門鈴聲。電源使用的是4節(jié)干電池，共6V，單片機(jī)電源是6V電源通過二極管降壓0.7V后提供。
程序的原理就是通過控制單片機(jī)的計(jì)時(shí)器T1和T2來產(chǎn)生不同頻率的PWM波，然后通過定義一個(gè)歌曲的數(shù)組，來控制不同音調(diào)，音高，音長(zhǎng)，音高，音長(zhǎng)。以下是曲譜的儲(chǔ)存格式：
曲譜存貯格式 unsigned char code MusicName{音高，音長(zhǎng)，音高，音長(zhǎng)...., 0,0};    末尾:0,0 表示結(jié)束(Important)
 
 音高由三位數(shù)字組成：
             個(gè)位是表示 1~7 這七個(gè)音符
             十位是表示音符所在的音區(qū):1-低音，2-中音，3-高音;
             百位表示這個(gè)音符是否要升半音: 0-不升，1-升半音。
 
 音長(zhǎng)最多由三位數(shù)字組成：
             個(gè)位表示音符的時(shí)值，其對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系是：
                    |數(shù)值(n):  |0 |1 |2 |3 | 4 | 5 | 6
                    |幾分音符: |1 |2 |4 |8 |16 |32 |64          音符=2^n
             十位表示音符的演奏效果(0-2):  0-普通，1-連音，2-頓音
             百位是符點(diǎn)位: 0-無符點(diǎn)，1-有符點(diǎn)
 
 調(diào)用演奏子程序的格式
             Play(樂曲名,調(diào)號(hào),升降八度,演奏速度);
       |樂曲名           : 要播放的樂曲指針,結(jié)尾以(0,0)結(jié)束;
       |調(diào)號(hào)(0-11)       :      是指樂曲升多少個(gè)半音演奏;
       |升降八度(1-3)        : 1:降八度, 2:不升不降, 3:升八度;
       |演奏速度(1-12000):     值越大速度越快;
 
由于門鈴在沒有按下時(shí)候CPU是沒有工作任務(wù)的，所以在沒有按下門鈴時(shí)，我令CPU進(jìn)入休眠狀態(tài)，這樣能夠省下不少的電，使電池的工作壽命延長(zhǎng)。當(dāng)有人按下門鈴時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生外部中斷INT0，使CPU退出休眠狀態(tài)，進(jìn)入全速運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，當(dāng)歌曲演奏完畢，重新自動(dòng)進(jìn)入休眠狀態(tài)。下面是主程序和中斷服務(wù)程序
void main()
{
       IT0=1; //外中斷跳變產(chǎn)生中斷
       EX0=1;
       EA=1; //打開總中斷
       InitialSound();
       PCON |= 0x01;
       while(1)
       {
            
              if(Play_music==1)
              {
                     P1_7=0;
                     Play(Music_happynewyear,0,3,360);
                     P1_7=1;
                     Delay1ms(1500);
                     P1_7=0;
                     Play(Music_yingchun,0,3,360);
                     P1_7=1;
                     Play_music=0;
                     PCON |= 0x01;
              }
       }
}
 
void int0() interrupt 0 using 1
{
       PCON &=~ 0x00;
       Play_music=1;
}
 用單片機(jī)做音樂門鈴AT89C2051 DOOR BELL

 
                                                                           電路原理圖
 
由于當(dāng)時(shí)快要過年了，所以我編了一首“新年好”和“迎春花”應(yīng)一下節(jié)，其實(shí)所有歌都可以寫，只要有樂譜就可以，這樣你就可以把自己喜歡的歌編成程序燒入芯片，打造個(gè)性化的音樂門鈴。下面我給出一些歌的編碼，由于2051里面的flash容量有限，通常只能裝下2首歌，所以如果想換歌時(shí)又要自己重新把代碼替換燒入芯片。
//新年好
unsigned char code Music_happynewyear[]={ 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x02, 0x0F,0x02, 0x17,0x03,0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x15,0x03, 0x17,0x03,0x19,0x02,0x19,0x02, 0x18,0x03,0x17,0x03,0x16,0x01,0x16,0x03,0x17,0x03,0x18,0x02,0x18,0x02,0x17,0x03,0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x15,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x0F,0x02, 0x11,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x00,0x00 };
//迎春花
unsigned char code Music_yingchun[]={ 0x1F,0x03, 0x1F,0x04, 0x1A,0x04, 0x20,0x04, 0x1F,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x04, 0x17,0x04, 0x1A,0x04, 0x19,0x04, 0x17,0x03, 0x20,0x04, 0x1F,0x04, 0x1B,0x04, 0x1A,0x04, 0x19,0x04, 0x18,0x04, 0x17,0x04, 0x16,0x04,
0x15,0x03, 0x17,0x04, 0x19,0x04, 0x1A,0x04, 0x1A,0x04,0x1A,0x04, 0x1A,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03,0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x17,0x67, 0x19,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x67, 0x17,0x04, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03,0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x02, 0x0F,0x03,0x10,0x01,0x10,0x01,0x17,0x03,0x19,0x03,0x17,0x67,0x16,0x04,0x17,0x03,0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x67, 0x16,0x04, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03,0x19,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1A,0x67, 0x19,0x04, 0x17,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1A,0x67, 0x19,0x04, 0x1F,0x67, 0x1F,0x04, 0x20,0x04, 0x1F,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x01, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x04, 0x16,0x04, 0x19,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x17, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1F,0x02, 0x1A,0x04, 0x19,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x17,0x17, 0x17,0x67, 0x19,0x04, 0x1A,0x03,0x1F,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x19,0x67, 0x17,0x04, 0x16,0x67,0x17,0x04, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x02, 0x0F,0x03, 0x10,0x01, 0x00,0x00 };
//揮著翅膀的女孩
unsigned char code Music_Girl[]={ 0x17,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x15,0x03,
0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03,0x19,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x02, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x15,0x02, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x02,0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x03,0x17,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03,0x19,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1F,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x20,0x03, 0x20,0x02, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x66, 0x20,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x20,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x66, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x1A,0x66, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x66, 0x17,0x04, 0x18,0x04, 0x18,0x03, 0x19,0x03,0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x66,0x20,0x03,0x21,0x03,0x20,0x03,0x1F,0x03,0x1B,0x03,0x1F,0x66,0x1F,0x03,0x1B,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x1A,0x66,0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x00, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1B,0x03,0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x17,0x03,0x15,0x17, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03,
0x17,0x04, 0x18,0x0E, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x04, 0x18,0x0E,0x18,0x66, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x20,0x03, 0x20,0x02, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x66,0x20,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x20,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03,0x1F,0x66, 0x1F,0x04, 0x1B,0x0E, 0x1B,0x03, 0x19,0x03,0x19,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x1A,0x66, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x17,0x03,0x16,0x66,0x17,0x04,0x18,0x04,0x18,0x03,0x19,0x03,0x1F,0x03,0x1B,0x03,0x1F,0x66, 0x20,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x20,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x66, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x1A,0x66, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x00, 0x18,0x02, 0x18,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x0D, 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x02,0x18,0x66, 0x16,0x02, 0x17,0x02, 0x15,0x00, 0x00,0x00};
//同一首歌
unsigned char code Music_Same[]={ 0x0F,0x01, 0x15,0x02, 0x16,0x02, 0x17,0x66, 0x18,0x03,
0x17,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x16,0x01, 0x15,0x02, 0x10,0x02,0x15,0x00, 0x0F,0x01, 0x15,0x02, 0x16,0x02, 0x17,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x18,0x66, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x00, 0x17,0x01, 0x19,0x02, 0x1B,0x02, 0x1B,0x70, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x01, 0x19,0x02, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1B,0x02, 0x1A,0x0D, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x00,0x18,0x66,0x18,0x03,0x19,0x02,0x1A,0x02,0x19,0x0C,0x18,0x0D,0x17,0x03,0x16,0x01, 0x11,0x02, 0x11,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x0F,0x0C,0x10,0x02, 0x15,0x00, 0x1F,0x01, 0x1A,0x01, 0x18,0x66, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x01, 0x1B,0x02, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1B,0x03,0x1B,0x0C, 0x1A,0x0D, 0x19,0x03,0x17,0x00,0x1F,0x01,0x1A,0x01,0x18,0x66,0x19,0x03,0x1A,0x01,0x10,0x02,0x10,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x1A,0x0C, 0x18,0x0D, 0x17,0x03,0x16,0x00, 0x0F,0x01, 0x15,0x02, 0x16,0x02, 0x17,0x70, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x02, 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x66, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x02, 0x10,0x01, 0x11,0x01, 0x11,0x66, 0x10,0x03, 0x0F,0x0C, 0x1A,0x02, 0x19,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x18,0x66,0x18,0x03, 0x18,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x19,0x00, 0x00,0x00 };        
//兩只蝴蝶                                
unsigned char code Music_Two[] ={ 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03,
0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x10,0x0E, 0x15,0x04, 0x0F,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03,0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x10,0x0E, 0x15,0x04, 0x0F,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x01, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x10,0x0D, 0x15,0x00, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x17,0x0D,0x16,0x03,0x16,0x03,0x16,0x0D,0x17,0x01,0x17,0x03,0x17,0x03,0x19,0x03,0x1A,0x02,0x1A,0x02,0x10,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x1F,0x02, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04, 0x17,0x02, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x01, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x02, 0x1A,0x02, 0x10,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1F,0x02, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04, 0x17,0x02, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04,
0x17,0x16, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x0F,0x02, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x00, 0x00,0x00 };